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SouthBridge
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| A typical southbridge/northbridge layout |
The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture. In Intel chipset systems, the southbridge is named Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH). AMD, beginning with its Fusion APUs, has given the label FCH, or Fusion Controller Hub, to its southbridge.
The southbridge can usually be distinguished from the northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU. Rather, the northbridge ties the southbridge to the CPU. Through the use of controller integrated channel circuitry, the northbridge can directly link signals from the I/O units to the CPU for data control and access.
Due to the push for System-on-a-chip (SoC) processors, modern devices increasingly have the northbridge integrated into the CPU die itself; examples are Intel's Sandy Bridge and AMD's Fusion processors (both released in 2011). In such cases the southbridge is being directly connected to the CPU. Intel's Haswell, expected to be available in 2013, is expected to feature the southbridge on the same package as the CPU for the Ultrabook platform.
NorthBridge
Northbridge
The northbridge has historically been one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a PC motherboard, the other being the southbridge. Increasingly these functions have migrated to the CPU chip itself, beginning with memory and graphics controllers. For Intel Sandy Bridge and AMD Fusion processors introduced in 2011, all of the functions of the northbridge reside on the CPU. When a separate northbridge is employed in older Intel systems it is named memory controller hub (MCH) or integrated memory controller hub (IMCH) if equipped with an integrated VGA.
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| NorthBridge |
Separating the different functions into the CPU, northbridge, and southbridge chips is due to the difficulty of integrating all components onto a single chip. In some instances the northbridge and southbridge functions were combined onto one die when design complexity and fabrication processes permitted it, for example the Nvidia GeForce 320M in the 2009/2010 Macbook Air is a northbridge/southbridge/GPU combo chip.
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